https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/degradation-the-concept-of-national-government-to-coalition-government-in-2015-its-repercussions/
published in colombo telegraph on 18th April 2019
Degradation The Concept Of National Government To Coalition Government In 2015 & It’s Repercussions
By Harsha Gunasena –
Concept of national government was mentioned in the election manifesto of Maithripala Sirisena in 2015 presidential election. “For that purpose a National Unity Alliance Government will be established for a hundred day interim period. This programme will be implemented through a National government comprising the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, the United National Party, Jatika Hela Urumaya and people’s representatives all other political parties that are represented in the present Parliament who are willing to join this programme.” This concept as well as the concept of Liccavi system of governance was first brought in by the Prime Minister. When he was the Opposition Leader during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s second stint as the President UNP brought a concept paper for a new constitution where Liccavi system was discussed. Intention of this was to find out a lasting solution to the ethnic conflict, establish a new constitution and agree on long term policies of the government.
However, the process of constitutional reforms is stalled and no solution was given to the ethnic conflict. The reason for this was that the politicians of this country placed their own political interests ahead of the national interest. The President before and after occupying the post stated that he would bean one term president. It was the expectation of many who voted for him that he would be a non-partisan president. Situation changed gradually after he took over the leadership of the Sri Lanka freedom Party (SLFP).
Rift between the President and the Prime Minister emerged during the 100-day period of the interim government. This affected the balance of the national government and the situation came to the zenith in October 2018. It was declared by the Prime Minister well ahead of the general election the continuity of the national government. Events that happened during the General Election and thereafter, led to the situation in which the leadership of the President to the SLFP would hinder the very purpose of the national government. SLFP considered him a traitor. A vast majority of SLFP voted against him at the presidential election. Therefore, he could not effectively lead the party. Mahinda Rajapaksa gave the leadership to the election campaign of SLFP at the general election. President had given nominations to Rajapaksa since he was compelled to do so. That act was criticized by many who voted in favor of the president at the presidential election. Fractions of the SLFP joined the national governments established before and after the general election. Later some of them, who joined the national government defected. The fraction who did not joined the national government treated President as an opponent. Therefore, from the beginning the national government did not evolve as a national government. MPs of SLFP who were in the national government acted with giving attention to the requirements of their colleagues who were in the opposition. This background degraded the national government to the level of a coalition government since there was a strong opposition, which was a fraction of one of the constituent parties of the government. The main reason for this was the leadership of the President of the SLFP.
President tried to walk a tightrope, but he failed. In his controversial address to the nation just prior to the general election, he said even if SLFP wins he would not give the Prime Minister post to Rajapaksa and at the same speech he said if the parliament was dissolved soon after the presidential election, UNP would have a landslide victory. Hence he prevented it.
Public mandate was by and large for UNP. After the presidential election the exodus of MPs from SLFP to UNP was prevented by the Licchavi system and the acceptance of SLFP leadership by the President. Sri Lanka had minority governments except in two instances after the elections held under the 1978 constitution. UNP accommodated SLFP ministers, some of them were rejected by the voters and appointed through the national list. As a result, voters of the UNP were confused at the electorate level since the power was not transferred yet.
One main reason for not dissolving the parliament soon after the presidential election was that the issue of the pension rights of the MPs. This symbolizes the situation the country is in. If the President was neutral and Mahinda Rajapaksa joined the national government in the capacity of the leader of the opposition then that would have been a real national government and not a coalition government. the functions of that government would have been to establish a new constitution and thereby give a permanent solution to the ethnic problem of the country and formulate long lasting national policies for the country. Thereafter the national government would have been dissolved.
Under these circumstances the court cases against Mahinda Rajapaksa and his family members would have been in the same situation as of now. Therefore, in the national point of view, the nation has paid the price already but not achieved any result. If the price was paid to achieve the said envisaged objectives of the national government, there would have been no issue. However, the price paid has granted petty political gains to the Prime Minister and the President. Split of the SLFP was a gain to the Prime Minister and eventually by combining it President tried to gain politically.
President would have thought of a political base for himself when accepting the leadership of the SLFP. He argued in favor of his decision that if not for him the parliament would have not been able to pass the 19th amendment to the constitution. There was a considerable influence made by him for the process. On the other hand, it was a minority government and the opposition did not want to topple the apple cart. For the opposition if not consented there was a risk of facing a general election and losing more seats. In the long run the neutrality of the President would have been the best to achieve the given objectives of the national government.
Even under the given circumstances Public Representations Committee on Constitutional Reform headed by Lal Wijenayake was established and the report was issued; the Parliament met as a constitutional assembly with the powers of Parliamentary Select Committee to draft the new constitution; Steering Committee of the Constitutional Assembly was appointed with 21 MPs; six sub committees of the Steering Committee were established with the active participation of MPs representing all the political parties of the parliament and those reports were published; based on the steering committee deliberations and reports of the sub committees, an expert panel prepared a report to the steering committee in the form of a draft constitution; and it was presented to the Constitutional Assembly by the Steering Committee.
It may have been the intention of the Prime Minister to take the debate of the constitution to the people with the political leadership of the President. The President as well as the Prime Minister were reluctant to give the political leadership to the process in the circumstances of existing coalition government instead of the expected national government. In fact, the President would have been able to give the political leadership to the process if he intended to serve one term and if he was neutral.
Under the prevailed political situation, when there was a strong political group in the opposition, highest echelons of the Sangha Community of the country expressed views that a new constitution was not necessary for the country. Truth was that election manifestos of Sri Lanka for decades were filled with the promises of abolishing the executive presidency. Although their view was politically motivated and reactionary in essence, the President and the Prime Minister kept mum over the issue.
In this situation it is not possible either to establish a new constitution or to give a solution to the ethnic problem of this country. Ethnocentric elements in the country believe that the ethnic problem of the country was over with the ending of the war. At the end of the war when Prabhakaran and his colleagues were killed, along with the sigh of relief that the war was over the political balance of power was readjusted unfavorably to the Tamils. At the time of the war Sri Lankan leaders were prepared to give a Federal solution to the problem and after ending the war they said that a solution of 13+ can be given which meant most probably a second chamber as proposed by the new draft constitution. After losing the power of the barrel of the gun, Tamils failed to achieve their objectives through the democratic process as happened in previous instances prior to the war l since Sri Lankan democracy means dictatorship of the majority.
In relation to divided ethno-religious groups, Sri Lanka is a country which depends on a limited backward population and which is run by a set of opportunist politicians. Most of the countries in the world are like this. Some powerful leaders of some of the countries openly challenged the backward thinking in relation to ethnocentrism of their respective populations. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela were prominent examples. Some leaders such as Lee Kuan Yew took the country forward based on their political power. Out of the leaders of this country Mahinda Rajapaksa soon after ending the war and Maithripala Sirisena after coming to power in 2015 got this opportunity to rise to the level of Gandhi, Mandela or Lee but they have selected the dustbin of the history instead of immense prestige, due to greediness to personal and petty political gains.
To place the country in the path of nation building there should be a strong apolitical peoples movement comprising of fair-minded people of all ethnicities and followers of all religions, rather than depending solely on the politicians for that task.
Lalith / April 18, 2019
Shamil / April 18, 2019
The Bondscam gave the green light for all so called Ministers to loot the country through various foreign fake aid projects, like the Aussie Cattle scam, the Merc and Ford luxury ambulances, unnecessary drugs, unnessary health insurance for school children who are a healthy low risk population , unnecessary TABs for schools, unnecessary disaster prepardeness exercises.. etc
nimal fernando / April 19, 2019
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They are us. ……….. Each and every one of us.
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We write up a good “moral/ethics game” here because we are not in their positions ………… but I can guarantee you that 99.99% of Lankans who write here will behave no differently if they are in the other’s place. ………. You don’t have to look so far, just look back a couple of years how Ranil/Sirisena behaved and what they said when the Rajapkses were in power ………… and just look what the Rajapakses are saying and doing now.
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When out of power they say and do the same things that we write here. ………… talk-up a good ethics-game.
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And Lanka is only a microcosm of the greater-world out here ………… if you want proof just look what the good ol’ Donald did to the shining beacon/paragon of virtue America ………… would he be able to do that if the society was unwilling? He only gives what the society wants ……….. nothing more. He knows the limits of man’s capacity for corruption. He is not smart in the conventional way but many “professors” can write 1000 theses on his MO and still won’t be able to grasp it ……… because of the mistaken belief that man’s behaviour is steeped in morals/ethics. ………….. That’s why Al Capone was a million times richer than Norm Chomsky …………
nimal fernando / April 19, 2019
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They say man is 99% animal and 1% human ……….. and it’s the human part that gets him into trouble.
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I know many of you won’t be still convince and go on hoping/writing that Lanka will change; the world will change ………..
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Let me assure you …….. that Lanka will still be the same in another 100 years; 1000 years; only worse ……….. and I’m not even half as smart as you guys ……… can’t even spell let alone write.
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But I see what I see. ………. and it ain’t a pretty picture ……………..
nalmen / April 18, 2019
not in this country
Rarityminds / April 18, 2019
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QUOTE
Out of the leaders of this country Mahinda Rajapaksa soon after ending the war and Maithripala Sirisena after coming to power in 2015 got this opportunity to rise to the level of Gandhi, Mandela or Lee but they have selected the dustbin of the history instead of immense prestige, due to greediness to personal and petty political gains.
UNQUOTE
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Our leaders and their mindset is unique to them, no comparable to any other leaders either in Asia or Europe. : Besides, if they would have been honest to their pledges made before each of the elections, they could achieve lot more in the line of sustainable growth in Economy and several other areas. 22 millions are not that stupid as appeared to be. However, the media should also play a big role in order these peoples to be fed with FACTs about the ground realities of lanken politics. Most that are accessed to smart phones, obviously are no different to permanent slaves of former so called regime. They are made to believe the magical powers of Rajapakshes. None of them would turn out to welcome SIRISENA.
Thappu / April 18, 2019
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Methinks that we are far from redemption. The masses have been brainwashed – continuously & for so long – that more of the same would be the norm, for quite a long time to come.
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This might appear to be doomsday forecast. but, we are conditioned for it.
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I would be sincerely grateful, if someone could come forward to prove me wrong!
BP / April 18, 2019
We were not aware of it!
JD / April 18, 2019
Every Writer, writes just theory and they do notsupport any thing of theirs withh the statistics or facts. Why a bankruot country and a country that makes the International community, one particular country is favoured, rich, needs a large govt. It is cheating the voters and so called VIYATHUN are really dishonest or working for special interest groups needs. They hide the real problems.
paul / April 18, 2019
Analyst / April 19, 2019
the racist , under the skirts of yellow robed mullahs??
So long the song of this nationalism is spoken , firstly find the right meaning for it in this cursed multi national country.
My two cents are worth until the Doomsday of Srilanka nothing will change.
There’s no cure for this cursed illness of Nationalism.
Take my word.
4 years since 2015 had been a waste of national resources. The government the so called never was allowed to build bridges between people nor allowed to devolopements the nation.
The fault was equally by the government with their own greed as well as the toppled opposition the Medamullana and its supporters always ready to SABOTAGE any talk of devolopements or Building bridges with the minority parties.
So the people face the consequences of selfish greed of the politicians playing the tango with the Religious Mahasanghas.
They are another lot with their own selfish agendas continue to destroy our nation and our people.
It’s the Curse.
Bubbuladewi / April 19, 2019
And his loyalists would also support him diehard since they truly know that they will have no other options to escape from numerous charges being levelled at them.
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Rohitha Abegunawardhana- have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
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Wimal Buruwansa-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
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Gonthadipila -have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
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Jonsten Fernando-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
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Mahinadananadha Aluthgamage have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
JD / April 19, 2019
K A Sumanasekera / April 19, 2019
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To the utter disappointment of Aappa Sira and his handler SLFP Whiskey Madam’ the majority of the true SLFP supporters proved that they are not Dumb Asses.
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They knew Dr Ranil and his Federal thing is the end of the Sinhala Buddhist Country ,
And they held the Blow Torch to the bellies of the crooked SLFP Mps , who in turn realized that their Asses will be Grass at the next Election.
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How can Dr Ranil and Aappa Sira form a National Government by sending the UNP Special Police to hunt the Leaders of the SLFP , who gave the great majority of inhabitants Security and a better standard of living after defeating the 30 year Tamil Terrorism, which devastated the Nation.
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Can Dr Ranil have a National Government by jailing the Monks who belong to that 70% , who supported the SLFP coalition to defeat Tamil Terrorism.?.
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How can Dr Ranil have a National Government when the Vellala Peoples Party the TNA which is part of the UNP also become the Opposition with the Vellala Leader as the Opposition Leader?..
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Does it make sense ,although one time Proletariat party Boss thought so, after taking LKR 25 Lakhs from Dr Ranil and an old armour plated Limousine from Mr Sambandan.
Or is it in that Dr Ranil’s “Licchavi” thing?..
Eagle Eye / April 19, 2019
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DURING THE PAST 71 YEARS:
We tried UNP and failed
We tried SLFP and failed
We tried UNP+SLFP and failed
We tried Democracy and failed
We tried semi-Dictatorship and failed
We tried capitalism and failed
We tried socialism and failed
We tried neo-liberalism and failed
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One thing that we have not tried is military rule. Let us try that for a change. Sri Lankan Armed Forces is the only institution in this country that has a proven record for achieving the objective.
Analyst / April 19, 2019
Tell me how many known war criminals are there?? Still BS….g !!
Eagle Eye / April 19, 2019
Do you know that there is a high demand for Sri Lankan Army personnel for UN missions? UN is full of white hypocrites. One arm of the UN talking about war crimes while the other arm recruit SL Army for their missions because they know very well that SL Army is efficient and disciplined.
Sri Lankan Army does not have war criminals. It is the Indian Peace Keeping Force and LTTE that is full of war criminals. Ironically, UNHRC does not go after them.
Mallaiyuran / April 19, 2019
kali / April 19, 2019
Henry Fernando,Jnr. / April 19, 2019
Ajith / April 19, 2019
paul / April 19, 2019
Harsha Gunasena / April 19, 2019
Kali
In this country ethnic problem was not there for 1000 years. I believe it was created during the British period. I invite you to read the following essay if you have time. Birth of ethnocentrism was in the latter part of the 19th century.
http://www.ft.lk/columns/The-clash-of–civilisations/4-642204
Communities in the villages live in harmony, they do not have this feeling. It is a politically motivated concept in all sides.
Yes, there are by products of a national government as JD mentioned but the real purpose of it, is to have a combined leadership to address the ethnic issue and the issue of a constitution since if it is addressed by a single party, other parties would mess it up.
kali / April 19, 2019
Although he was an invader, he is often regarded as one of Sri Lanka’s wisest and most just monarchs, as highlighted in the ancient Sinhalese Pali chronicle, the Mahavamsa.
*** You are right Ethnic Strife intensified after the British left none during their rule.
Hope it heps
Douglas / April 19, 2019
punchinilame / April 20, 2019
follow up the above quote – if they wish to see a future comparatively liveable
Sri Lanka!
Harsha Gunasena / April 20, 2019
There were comments about national government. The point I have raised in the article was that if the country had a national government with one fraction headed be MR it would have been fine and the country would have got the answers to many problems. In the run the country would have given various ‘concessions’ to politicians. That is also fine because there is nothing called free lunch.
Politicians are corrupt but you cannot attack all the issues at the same time. Corruption should be handled after we resolve main national issues I believe.
We all should know that public servants are more corrupt than the politicians. I am not trying to whitewash any body
kali / April 21, 2019
Harsha Gunasena / April 22, 2019
Sri Lanka is divided deeply in the lines of ethnicity religion and caste. When I say, Rajapakse should have been taken to the national government his political opponents would have objected for it. Their line of injection is political. Your line of objection is ethnicity and the way he handles the last stages of war.
Thete are several persons mentally wounded in this country and unfortunately there is no healing process. Hardly any one is having inclusive approach to the problem.
I can give you there examples in relation to yesterday’s tragic incidents.
Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith came on TV. He mentioned about two RC churches only. No mention about the evangelist Zion church in battialoa. No mention about the hotels. Attack was aimed st the chrtistians not on RCs. Restaurants of the hotels were attacked becsuse of the Easter feasts.
Second example is MR. In his statement he said that this happened due to intimidation of intelligence personnel in the recent past. That was due to illegal killings initiated by them and he tried to take a political mileage.
PM in his statement said that activity of this kind was known prior to the incident but he and his cabinet were not known it. Probably be was trying to put the blame on the president. AlJazeera picked it up and repetedly announced in their telecasts. They said “government” was aware.
Injustice was done to you and I’m order to rectify it we should have an inclusive approach to the problem.