By Harsha Gunasena –
Sri Lanka faced three insurrections after independence and there were several ethnocentric and religious clashes among different ethnic and religious groups. As a nation we have failed to explore the root causes of these ethnic and religious clashes and insurrections. Instead, we have done our best to control the outcome, terrorism. In certain instances, we were successful and in certain instances we have failed. Outcome can be controlled in the short run but in the long run the root causes should be eliminated.
The main cause of the two insurrections of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) was social injustice and resistance to an authoritarian rule. If there was social justice, it would have been very hard for those leaders to attract the young. Soon after the second insurrection of JVP, R Premadasa then President appointed a commission to investigate the reasons for the insurrection. One of the recommendations of the commission was that to give the suitable posts to deserved. Premadasa took action and reintroduced the central clerical examination and stopped the practice of giving political appointments. That decision was reversed thereafter.
Before the end of the civil war in 2009 leaders of this country were discussing about a federal constitution. Soon after the end of the war there were promises to implement 13+. What was meant that was to introduces an entity such as a second chamber in addition to the full implementation of the provisions in 13th amendment to the constitution. Very little number of Recommendations of Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission were implemented.
There were arguments that the reasons for these insurrections were lying with the rebels themselves. It was argued that the first JVP insurrection was a result of the introduction of the Marxist movement in Sri Lanka and what JVP did was to implement the theory. In 1971 unemployment rate in Sri Lanka was around 20%. On top of that rural youth was treated shabbily. That environment created a good breading ground for JVP cadres. It was argued that JVP has taken an opportunist move by embracing nationalism, to say exactly racism. Lionel Bopage was advocating a link with the Tamil rebellions and he accepted democratic right of Tamils to determine their own political destiny. Wijeweera and the others argued that the Tamil right to self-determination cannot be accepted since it was not in the proletarian interests of Sri Lanka and it will support the national bourgeois class. In line of the thinking of Wijeweera in the politics in Sri Lanka after 1980s the traditional Marxist class divisions were disappeared and rude racism came into force. When Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya (DJV) came into operation new cadres may have been influenced by so called patriotism in light of the presence of Indian forces in Sri Lanka. However authoritative government of Jayewardene paved the way for this insurrection by unjustifiably prohibiting the party and forcing them to go underground. Then government was so undemocratic and authoritative that a person with a rebellious mind may tend to take arms against them if the opportunity was there.
Tamil separatism was officially born when Tamil United Liberation Front accepted the Vaddukoddai Resolution calling for the creation of Tamil Eelam, a separate Tamil state on 14th May 1976. There were arguments that this was the point the start of Tamil militancy. Tamil community was excluded at the time of preparation of the 1972 constitution and their demands over a period were neglected. The Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam agreement and the Dudley-Chevanayakam agreement were the examples. Even after that it could have been negotiated. It should be noted that the country has only the Indo Lanka agreement, which was signed by the will of one person with the opposition of whole country and his party stalwarts, as a solution offered to the ethnic problem of the country. As a result of the agreement 13th amendment to the constitution was passed. Therefore, one cannot blame Tamils for starting the insurrection since there were sufficient ground created by the successive governments for that. It should also be noted that adverse political relationship between the Indian government and Jayewardene government of Sri Lanka contributed to the escalation of the rebellion movement.
In 1989 when JVP insurrection was defeated by massacring its leadership, the political balance of the country was changed in favour of the authoritative government. Similarly, in 2009 when the armed struggle of LTTE was defeated political balance of the country was changed unfavorably to the general Tamil population of the country. In both instances balance of political power was changed against the oppressed and the suppressed. Things are happening in the country not in accordance with justice and equity. Things are happening according to the wishes of the people who hold power.
Muslims were attacked by the LTTE during the time of civil war and they were ordered to leave the LTTE controlled areas within 24 hours. Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia infiltrated to Sri Lanka some time back. There was a cultural change of the Muslim community and they have started to move towards an Arabian outlook. Quite in contrast the Christian Churches in Sri Lanka over a period moving towards the domestic Sri Lankan culture. There were organized attacks against the Muslim community in Aluthgama, Gintota, Amapra, Digana and recently in North Western Province. Most of the attacks were economic targets. There was evidence that armed forces also supported these attacks by becoming passive observers. No action was taken. In recent attacks it is being repeated. On the other hand, there is a resistance for the extremist forces within the Muslim community and they have informed to the authorities about the extremists and no action was taken.
As a nation what we are doing is that making a conducive environment for breeding of terrorists. Unless we stand united we are paving the way not only to terrorist groups but also to international power politics to use our soil. Sri Lankan state is not neutral. It is biased towards the majority and the affluent. In communal clashes in 1958 Prime Minister Bandaranaike was a mere spectator. Governor General Oliver Goonetilleke took control and gave orders fearlessly against the culprits. In 1983 JR Jayewardene did the same thing what Bandaranaike did in 1958. Unfortunately, there was not one above him to take control. If one is so timid what is the point of being a Head of the State? Mahinda Rajapaksa did not practice his authoritarianism against the culprits of the communal violence. The leaders of the present government also followed their predecessors.
We claim that ours is a democratic country. During the tenure of the previous government, authoritarianism immerged subduing democracy. It was an authoritarianism of one family. We enjoy democratic rights once again under the present government. Democracy we enjoy today is not a true democracy but a dictatorship of the majority in relation to minority rights. In a real democracy, view of the majority is implemented while recognizing the rights of the minorities. We never enjoyed this type of democracy in Sri Lanka. Now many demands an authoritarianism once again.
Authoritarianism in the center of Sri Lanka will be met by a newly formed group of Hindu extremists Siva Senai and Wahhabism. Siva Senai has the support of Shiv Sena in India and Wahhabism will have the support of Arab countries. Authoritarianism will control the effects and not the root causes. Reconciliation/ co-existence and authoritarianism do not go hand in hand. When there is reconciliation and co-existence there is no room for terrorism to immerge. Unfortunately, we were creating that room even during the present regime. As a nation we should have a dialog with the members of all the ethnicities, religions and social groups.
This is what the Director General of the National Security Think Tank operating under the Ministry of Defense of Sri Lanka says. “Certain liberal values introduced by the present government made our nation vulnerable and a soft target for terrorist to breed and function. What was seen by the West as an autocratic state under Rajapaksa was reset overnight, tagging Sri Lanka to a global liberal order. This was done at the expense of an ensured demilitarization and the complete dismantling and weakening of the country’s military apparatus. It brought prosperity to individuals without understanding the setbacks of liberalism. The principal of liberalism was confused with nationalism. Some policy makers saw one against the other to push agendas forward.” (Daily Mirror- May 10, 2019)
This is the view of the opposition as well. Since the President is also in the opposition, we can understand what the Director General says. If the military is weakened, the President is directly responsible for that, not the party which is running the government. They are responsible for not handling the President correctly. If the members of the intelligence services were engaged with extra judicial killing proper action should be taken against them and they are not fit enough to be the members of the intelligence services. In fact this government also has not taken adequate action against them with the resistance of the President. The important point is that the Director General blames the liberalization and although he did not mention the word democratization the meaning of the paragraph suggests he blames that as well. He clearly promotes autocratic state. He hides the inefficiency and the negligence of the President.
If all are thinking of eliminating terrorism by force with an authoritative regime without addressing root causes, the future of Sri Lanka is going to be bleak.
(Published in Colombo Telegraph on 23rd may 2019)





Lalith / April 18, 2019
Shamil / April 18, 2019
The Bondscam gave the green light for all so called Ministers to loot the country through various foreign fake aid projects, like the Aussie Cattle scam, the Merc and Ford luxury ambulances, unnecessary drugs, unnessary health insurance for school children who are a healthy low risk population , unnecessary TABs for schools, unnecessary disaster prepardeness exercises.. etc
nimal fernando / April 19, 2019
–
They are us. ……….. Each and every one of us.
–
We write up a good “moral/ethics game” here because we are not in their positions ………… but I can guarantee you that 99.99% of Lankans who write here will behave no differently if they are in the other’s place. ………. You don’t have to look so far, just look back a couple of years how Ranil/Sirisena behaved and what they said when the Rajapkses were in power ………… and just look what the Rajapakses are saying and doing now.
–
When out of power they say and do the same things that we write here. ………… talk-up a good ethics-game.
–
And Lanka is only a microcosm of the greater-world out here ………… if you want proof just look what the good ol’ Donald did to the shining beacon/paragon of virtue America ………… would he be able to do that if the society was unwilling? He only gives what the society wants ……….. nothing more. He knows the limits of man’s capacity for corruption. He is not smart in the conventional way but many “professors” can write 1000 theses on his MO and still won’t be able to grasp it ……… because of the mistaken belief that man’s behaviour is steeped in morals/ethics. ………….. That’s why Al Capone was a million times richer than Norm Chomsky …………
nimal fernando / April 19, 2019
–
–
They say man is 99% animal and 1% human ……….. and it’s the human part that gets him into trouble.
–
I know many of you won’t be still convince and go on hoping/writing that Lanka will change; the world will change ………..
–
Let me assure you …….. that Lanka will still be the same in another 100 years; 1000 years; only worse ……….. and I’m not even half as smart as you guys ……… can’t even spell let alone write.
–
But I see what I see. ………. and it ain’t a pretty picture ……………..
nalmen / April 18, 2019
not in this country
Rarityminds / April 18, 2019
:
QUOTE
Out of the leaders of this country Mahinda Rajapaksa soon after ending the war and Maithripala Sirisena after coming to power in 2015 got this opportunity to rise to the level of Gandhi, Mandela or Lee but they have selected the dustbin of the history instead of immense prestige, due to greediness to personal and petty political gains.
UNQUOTE
–
Our leaders and their mindset is unique to them, no comparable to any other leaders either in Asia or Europe. : Besides, if they would have been honest to their pledges made before each of the elections, they could achieve lot more in the line of sustainable growth in Economy and several other areas. 22 millions are not that stupid as appeared to be. However, the media should also play a big role in order these peoples to be fed with FACTs about the ground realities of lanken politics. Most that are accessed to smart phones, obviously are no different to permanent slaves of former so called regime. They are made to believe the magical powers of Rajapakshes. None of them would turn out to welcome SIRISENA.
Thappu / April 18, 2019
.
Methinks that we are far from redemption. The masses have been brainwashed – continuously & for so long – that more of the same would be the norm, for quite a long time to come.
.
This might appear to be doomsday forecast. but, we are conditioned for it.
.
I would be sincerely grateful, if someone could come forward to prove me wrong!
BP / April 18, 2019
We were not aware of it!
JD / April 18, 2019
Every Writer, writes just theory and they do notsupport any thing of theirs withh the statistics or facts. Why a bankruot country and a country that makes the International community, one particular country is favoured, rich, needs a large govt. It is cheating the voters and so called VIYATHUN are really dishonest or working for special interest groups needs. They hide the real problems.
paul / April 18, 2019
Analyst / April 19, 2019
the racist , under the skirts of yellow robed mullahs??
So long the song of this nationalism is spoken , firstly find the right meaning for it in this cursed multi national country.
My two cents are worth until the Doomsday of Srilanka nothing will change.
There’s no cure for this cursed illness of Nationalism.
Take my word.
4 years since 2015 had been a waste of national resources. The government the so called never was allowed to build bridges between people nor allowed to devolopements the nation.
The fault was equally by the government with their own greed as well as the toppled opposition the Medamullana and its supporters always ready to SABOTAGE any talk of devolopements or Building bridges with the minority parties.
So the people face the consequences of selfish greed of the politicians playing the tango with the Religious Mahasanghas.
They are another lot with their own selfish agendas continue to destroy our nation and our people.
It’s the Curse.
Bubbuladewi / April 19, 2019
And his loyalists would also support him diehard since they truly know that they will have no other options to escape from numerous charges being levelled at them.
:
Rohitha Abegunawardhana- have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
–
Wimal Buruwansa-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
–
Gonthadipila -have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
–
Jonsten Fernando-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
–
Mahinadananadha Aluthgamage have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
JD / April 19, 2019
K A Sumanasekera / April 19, 2019
–
To the utter disappointment of Aappa Sira and his handler SLFP Whiskey Madam’ the majority of the true SLFP supporters proved that they are not Dumb Asses.
–
They knew Dr Ranil and his Federal thing is the end of the Sinhala Buddhist Country ,
And they held the Blow Torch to the bellies of the crooked SLFP Mps , who in turn realized that their Asses will be Grass at the next Election.
–
How can Dr Ranil and Aappa Sira form a National Government by sending the UNP Special Police to hunt the Leaders of the SLFP , who gave the great majority of inhabitants Security and a better standard of living after defeating the 30 year Tamil Terrorism, which devastated the Nation.
–
Can Dr Ranil have a National Government by jailing the Monks who belong to that 70% , who supported the SLFP coalition to defeat Tamil Terrorism.?.
–
How can Dr Ranil have a National Government when the Vellala Peoples Party the TNA which is part of the UNP also become the Opposition with the Vellala Leader as the Opposition Leader?..
–
Does it make sense ,although one time Proletariat party Boss thought so, after taking LKR 25 Lakhs from Dr Ranil and an old armour plated Limousine from Mr Sambandan.
Or is it in that Dr Ranil’s “Licchavi” thing?..
Eagle Eye / April 19, 2019
———————————————
DURING THE PAST 71 YEARS:
We tried UNP and failed
We tried SLFP and failed
We tried UNP+SLFP and failed
We tried Democracy and failed
We tried semi-Dictatorship and failed
We tried capitalism and failed
We tried socialism and failed
We tried neo-liberalism and failed
———–
One thing that we have not tried is military rule. Let us try that for a change. Sri Lankan Armed Forces is the only institution in this country that has a proven record for achieving the objective.
Analyst / April 19, 2019
Tell me how many known war criminals are there?? Still BS….g !!
Eagle Eye / April 19, 2019
Do you know that there is a high demand for Sri Lankan Army personnel for UN missions? UN is full of white hypocrites. One arm of the UN talking about war crimes while the other arm recruit SL Army for their missions because they know very well that SL Army is efficient and disciplined.
Sri Lankan Army does not have war criminals. It is the Indian Peace Keeping Force and LTTE that is full of war criminals. Ironically, UNHRC does not go after them.
Mallaiyuran / April 19, 2019
kali / April 19, 2019
Henry Fernando,Jnr. / April 19, 2019
Ajith / April 19, 2019
paul / April 19, 2019
Harsha Gunasena / April 19, 2019
Kali
In this country ethnic problem was not there for 1000 years. I believe it was created during the British period. I invite you to read the following essay if you have time. Birth of ethnocentrism was in the latter part of the 19th century.
http://www.ft.lk/columns/The-clash-of–civilisations/4-642204
Communities in the villages live in harmony, they do not have this feeling. It is a politically motivated concept in all sides.
Yes, there are by products of a national government as JD mentioned but the real purpose of it, is to have a combined leadership to address the ethnic issue and the issue of a constitution since if it is addressed by a single party, other parties would mess it up.
kali / April 19, 2019
Although he was an invader, he is often regarded as one of Sri Lanka’s wisest and most just monarchs, as highlighted in the ancient Sinhalese Pali chronicle, the Mahavamsa.
*** You are right Ethnic Strife intensified after the British left none during their rule.
Hope it heps
Douglas / April 19, 2019
punchinilame / April 20, 2019
follow up the above quote – if they wish to see a future comparatively liveable
Sri Lanka!
Harsha Gunasena / April 20, 2019
There were comments about national government. The point I have raised in the article was that if the country had a national government with one fraction headed be MR it would have been fine and the country would have got the answers to many problems. In the run the country would have given various ‘concessions’ to politicians. That is also fine because there is nothing called free lunch.
Politicians are corrupt but you cannot attack all the issues at the same time. Corruption should be handled after we resolve main national issues I believe.
We all should know that public servants are more corrupt than the politicians. I am not trying to whitewash any body
kali / April 21, 2019
Harsha Gunasena / April 22, 2019
Sri Lanka is divided deeply in the lines of ethnicity religion and caste. When I say, Rajapakse should have been taken to the national government his political opponents would have objected for it. Their line of injection is political. Your line of objection is ethnicity and the way he handles the last stages of war.
Thete are several persons mentally wounded in this country and unfortunately there is no healing process. Hardly any one is having inclusive approach to the problem.
I can give you there examples in relation to yesterday’s tragic incidents.
Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith came on TV. He mentioned about two RC churches only. No mention about the evangelist Zion church in battialoa. No mention about the hotels. Attack was aimed st the chrtistians not on RCs. Restaurants of the hotels were attacked becsuse of the Easter feasts.
Second example is MR. In his statement he said that this happened due to intimidation of intelligence personnel in the recent past. That was due to illegal killings initiated by them and he tried to take a political mileage.
PM in his statement said that activity of this kind was known prior to the incident but he and his cabinet were not known it. Probably be was trying to put the blame on the president. AlJazeera picked it up and repetedly announced in their telecasts. They said “government” was aware.
Injustice was done to you and I’m order to rectify it we should have an inclusive approach to the problem.