Friday, May 24, 2019

Attacking The Outcome Without Addressing The Root Causes

By Harsha Gunasena –
Harsha Gunasena
Sri Lanka faced three insurrections after independence and there were several ethnocentric and religious clashes among different ethnic and religious groups. As a nation we have failed to explore the root causes of these ethnic and religious clashes and insurrections. Instead, we have done our best to control the outcome, terrorism. In certain instances, we were successful and in certain instances we have failed. Outcome can be controlled in the short run but in the long run the root causes should be eliminated.
The main cause of the two insurrections of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) was social injustice and resistance to an authoritarian rule. If there was social justice, it would have been very hard for those leaders to attract the young. Soon after the second insurrection of JVP, R Premadasa then President appointed a commission to investigate the reasons for the insurrection. One of the recommendations of the commission was that to give the suitable posts to deserved. Premadasa took action and reintroduced the central clerical examination and stopped the practice of giving political appointments. That decision was reversed thereafter.
Before the end of the civil war in 2009 leaders of this country were discussing about a federal constitution. Soon after the end of the war there were promises to implement 13+. What was meant that was to introduces an entity such as a second chamber in addition to the full implementation of the provisions in 13th amendment to the constitution. Very little number of Recommendations of Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission were implemented.
There were arguments that the reasons for these insurrections were lying with the rebels themselves. It was argued that the first JVP insurrection was a result of the introduction of the Marxist movement in Sri Lanka and what JVP did was to implement the theory. In 1971 unemployment rate in Sri Lanka was around 20%. On top of that rural youth was treated shabbily. That environment created a good breading ground for JVP cadres. It was argued that JVP has taken an opportunist move by embracing nationalism, to say exactly racism. Lionel Bopage was advocating a link with the Tamil rebellions and he accepted democratic right of Tamils to determine their own political destiny. Wijeweera and the others argued that the Tamil right to self-determination cannot be accepted since it was not in the proletarian interests of Sri Lanka and it will support the national bourgeois class. In line of the thinking of Wijeweera in the politics in Sri Lanka after 1980s the traditional Marxist class divisions were disappeared and rude racism came into force. When Deshapremi Janatha Vyaparaya (DJV) came into operation new cadres may have been influenced by so called patriotism in light of the presence of Indian forces in Sri Lanka. However authoritative government of Jayewardene paved the way for this insurrection by unjustifiably prohibiting the party and forcing them to go underground. Then government was so undemocratic and authoritative that a person with a rebellious mind may tend to take arms against them if the opportunity was there.
Tamil separatism was officially born when Tamil United Liberation Front accepted the Vaddukoddai Resolution calling for the creation of Tamil Eelam, a separate Tamil state on 14th May 1976. There were arguments that this was the point the start of Tamil militancy. Tamil community was excluded at the time of preparation of the 1972 constitution and their demands over a period were neglected. The Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam agreement and the Dudley-Chevanayakam agreement were the examples.  Even after that it could have been negotiated. It should be noted that the country has only the Indo Lanka agreement, which was signed by the will of one person with the opposition of whole country and his party stalwarts, as a solution offered to the ethnic problem of the country. As a result of the agreement 13th amendment to the constitution was passed. Therefore, one cannot blame Tamils for starting the insurrection since there were sufficient ground created by the successive governments for that. It should also be noted that adverse political relationship between the Indian government and Jayewardene government of Sri Lanka contributed to the escalation of the rebellion movement.
In 1989 when JVP insurrection was defeated by massacring its leadership, the political balance of the country was changed in favour of the authoritative government. Similarly, in 2009 when the armed struggle of LTTE was defeated political balance of the country was changed unfavorably to the general Tamil population of the country. In both instances balance of political power was changed against the oppressed and the suppressed. Things are happening in the country not in accordance with justice and equity. Things are happening according to the wishes of the people who hold power. 
Muslims were attacked by the LTTE during the time of civil war and they were ordered to leave the LTTE controlled areas within 24 hours. Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia infiltrated to Sri Lanka some time back. There was a cultural change of the Muslim community and they have started to move towards an Arabian outlook. Quite in contrast the Christian Churches in Sri Lanka over a period moving towards the domestic Sri Lankan culture. There were organized attacks against the Muslim community in Aluthgama, Gintota, Amapra, Digana and recently in North Western Province. Most of the attacks were economic targets. There was evidence that armed forces also supported these attacks by becoming passive observers. No action was taken. In recent attacks it is being repeated. On the other hand, there is a resistance for the extremist forces within the Muslim community and they have informed to the authorities about the extremists and no action was taken.
As a nation what we are doing is that making a conducive environment for breeding of terrorists.  Unless we stand united we are paving the way not only to terrorist groups but also to international power politics to use our soil. Sri Lankan state is not neutral. It is biased towards the majority and the affluent. In communal clashes in 1958 Prime Minister Bandaranaike was a mere spectator. Governor General Oliver Goonetilleke took control and gave orders fearlessly against the culprits. In 1983 JR Jayewardene did the same thing what Bandaranaike did in 1958. Unfortunately, there was not one above him to take control. If one is so timid what is the point of being a Head of the State? Mahinda Rajapaksa did not practice his authoritarianism against the culprits of the communal violence. The leaders of the present government also followed their predecessors. 
We claim that ours is a democratic country. During the tenure of the previous government, authoritarianism immerged subduing democracy. It was an authoritarianism of one family. We enjoy democratic rights once again under the present government. Democracy we enjoy today is not a true democracy but a dictatorship of the majority in relation to minority rights. In a real democracy, view of the majority is implemented while recognizing the rights of the minorities. We never enjoyed this type of democracy in Sri Lanka. Now many demands an authoritarianism once again.
Authoritarianism in the center of Sri Lanka will be met by a newly formed group of  Hindu extremists Siva Senai and Wahhabism. Siva Senai has the support of Shiv Sena in India and Wahhabism will have the support of Arab countries. Authoritarianism will control the effects and not the root causes. Reconciliation/ co-existence and authoritarianism do not go hand in hand. When there is reconciliation and co-existence there is no room for terrorism to immerge. Unfortunately, we were creating that room even during the present regime. As a nation we should have a dialog with the members of all the ethnicities, religions and social groups.
This is what the Director General of the National Security Think Tank operating under the Ministry of Defense of Sri Lanka says. “Certain liberal values introduced by the present government made our nation vulnerable and a soft target for terrorist to breed and function. What was seen by the West as an autocratic state under Rajapaksa was reset overnight, tagging Sri Lanka to a global liberal order. This was done at the expense of an ensured demilitarization and the complete dismantling and weakening of the country’s military apparatus.  It brought prosperity to individuals without understanding the setbacks of liberalism. The principal of liberalism was confused with nationalism. Some policy makers saw one against the other to push agendas forward.” (Daily Mirror- May 10, 2019)
This is the view of the opposition as well. Since the President is also in the opposition, we can understand what the Director General says. If the military is weakened, the President is directly responsible for that, not the party which is running the government. They are responsible for not handling the President correctly. If the members of the intelligence services were engaged with extra judicial killing proper action should be taken against them and they are not fit enough to be the members of the intelligence services. In fact this government also has not taken adequate action against them with the resistance of the President. The important point is that the Director General blames the liberalization and although he did not mention the word democratization the meaning of the paragraph suggests he blames that as well. He clearly promotes autocratic state. He hides the inefficiency and the negligence of the President.   
If all are thinking of eliminating terrorism by force with an authoritative regime without addressing root causes, the future of Sri Lanka is going to be bleak. 
(Published in Colombo Telegraph on 23rd may 2019)
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God bless Sri Lanka

If all are thinking of eliminating terrorism by force with an authoritative regime without addressing root causes, God bless Sri Lanka

Terrorism has come back to Sri Lanka. Our motherland faced three insurrections after independence and there were several communal and religious clashes among different ethnic and religious groups. 

As a nation we have failed to explore the root causes of these ethnic and religious clashes and insurrections. Instead, we have done our best to control the effects. In certain instances, we were successful and in certain instances we have failed. The effects can be controlled in the short run but in the long run the root causes should be eliminated.

The main cause of the two insurrections of Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) was social injustice and resistance to an authoritarian rule. If there was social justice, it would have been very hard for those leaders to attract the young. 

Soon after the second insurrection of JVP, then President R. Premadasa appointed a commission to investigate the reasons for the insurrection. One of the recommendations of the commission was that to give the suitable posts to the deserved. Premadasa took action and reintroduced the central clerical examination and stopped the practice of giving political appointments. That decision was reversed thereafter.

Before the end of the civil war in 2009 leaders of this country were discussing about a federal Constitution. Soon after the end of the war there were promises to implement 13+. What was meant was to introduce an entity such as a second chamber in addition to the full implementation of the provisions in 13th Amendment to the Constitution. Very little number of Recommendations of Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission were implemented.

Reasons for the insurrections

There were arguments that the reasons for these insurrections were lying with the rebels themselves. It was argued that the first JVP insurrection was a result of the introduction of the Marxist movement in Sri Lanka and what JVP did was to implement the theory. 

In 1971 unemployment rate in Sri Lanka was around 20%. On top of that rural youth was treated shabbily. That environment created a good breeding ground for JVP cadres. It was argued that JVP has taken an opportunist move by embracing nationalism, to say exactly racism. 

Lionel Bopage was advocating a link with the Tamil rebellions and he accepted democratic right of Tamils to determine their own political destiny. Wijeweera and the others argued that the Tamil right to self-determination cannot be accepted since it was not in the proletarian interests of Sri Lanka and it will support the national bourgeois class. 

In line of the thinking of Wijeweera in the politics in Sri Lanka after the 1980s the traditional Marxist class divisions disappeared and rude racism came into force. When Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya (DJV) came into operation new cadres may have been influenced by so-called patriotism in light of the presence of Indian forces in Sri Lanka. 

However authoritative Government of Jayewardene paved the way for this insurrection by unjustifiably prohibiting the party and forcing them to go underground. Then Government was so undemocratic and authoritative that a person with a rebellious mind may tend to take arms against them if the opportunity was there.

Tamil separatism 

Tamil separatism was officially born when Tamil United Liberation Front accepted the Vaddukoddai Resolution calling for the creation of Tamil Eelam, a separate Tamil state on 14 May 1976. There were arguments that this was the point the start of Tamil militancy.  
The Tamil community was excluded at the time of preparation of the 1972 Constitution and their demands over a period were neglected. The Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam agreement and the Dudley-Chelvanayakam agreement were the examples. Even after that it could have been negotiated. 

It should be noted that the country has only the Indo-Lanka agreement, which was signed by the will of one person with the opposition of whole country and his party stalwarts, as a solution offered to the ethnic problem of the country. 

As a result of the agreement the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed. Therefore, one cannot blame Tamils for starting the insurrection since there were sufficient grounds created by the successive governments for that. It should also be noted that adverse political relationship between the Indian Government and Jayewardene Government of Sri Lanka contributed to the escalation of the rebellion movement.

In 1989 when JVP insurrection was defeated by massacring its leadership, the political balance of the country was changed in favour of the authoritative government. Similarly, in 2009 when the armed struggle of LTTE was defeated political balance of the country was changed unfavourably to the general Tamil population of the country. 

In both instances balance of political power was changed against the oppressed and the suppressed. Things are happening in the country not in accordance with justice and equity. Things are happening according to the wishes of the people who hold power. 

Muslims were attacked by the LTTE during the time of civil war and they were ordered to leave the LTTE controlled areas within 24 hours. Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia infiltrated Sri Lanka some time back. There was a cultural change of the Muslim community and they have started to move towards an Arabian outlook. 

Quite in contrast the Christian churches in Sri Lanka over a period moved towards the domestic Sri Lankan culture. There were organised attacks against the Muslim community in Aluthgama, Gintota, Ampara, Digana and recently in North Western Province. 

Most of the attacks were economic targets. There was evidence that armed forces also supported these attacks by becoming passive observers. No action was taken. In recent attacks it is being repeated. On the other hand, there is a resistance for the extremist forces within the Muslim community and they have informed the authorities about the extremists and no action was taken.

Authoritarianism

As a nation what we are doing is making a conducive environment for breeding of terrorists. The Sri Lankan state is not neutral. It is biased towards the majority and the affluent. In communal clashes in 1958 Prime Minister Bandaranaike was a mere spectator. Governor General Oliver Goonetilleke took control and gave orders fearlessly against the culprits. 

In 1983 J.R. Jayewardene did the same thing what Bandaranaike did in 1958. Unfortunately, there was not one above him to take control. If one is so timid what is the point of being a Head of the State? Mahinda Rajapaksa did not practice his authoritarianism against the culprits of the communal violence. The leaders of the present Government also followed their predecessors. 

We claim that ours is a democratic country. During the tenure of the previous Government, authoritarianism emerged subduing democracy. It was an authoritarianism of one family. We enjoy democratic rights once again under the present Government. 

Democracy we enjoy today is not a true democracy but a dictatorship of the majority in relation to minority rights. In a real democracy, view of the majority is implemented while recognising the rights of the minorities. We never enjoyed this type of democracy in Sri Lanka. Now many demand an authoritarianism once again.

Authoritarianism in the centre of Sri Lanka will be met by a newly-formed group of Hindu extremists Siva Senai and Wahhabism. Siva Senai has the support of Shiv Sena in India and Wahhabism will have the support of Arab countries. 

Authoritarianism will control the effects and not the root causes. Reconciliation/coexistence and authoritarianism do not go hand-in-hand. When there is reconciliation and coexistence there is no room for terrorism to emerge. Unfortunately, we were creating that room even during the present regime. As a nation we should have a dialog with the members of all the ethnicities, religions and social groups.

This is what the Director General of the National Security Think Tank operating under the Ministry of Defence of Sri Lanka says. “Certain liberal values introduced by the present Government made our nation vulnerable and a soft target for terrorist to breed and function. What was seen by the West as an autocratic state under Rajapaksa was reset overnight, tagging Sri Lanka to a global liberal order. This was done at the expense of an ensured demilitarisation and the complete dismantling and weakening of the country’s military apparatus. It brought prosperity to individuals without understanding the setbacks of liberalism. The principal of liberalism was confused with nationalism. Some policymakers saw one against the other to push agendas forward.” (Daily Mirror – 10 May)

This is the view of the Opposition as well. Since the President is also in the Opposition, we can understand what the Director General says. If the military is weakened, the President is directly responsible for that, not the party which is running the Government. They are responsible for not handling the President correctly. 

If the members of the intelligence services were engaged with extra judicial killing proper action should be taken against them and they are not fit enough to be the members of the intelligence services. In fact this Government also has not taken adequate action against them with the resistance of the President.  

The important point is that the Director General blames the liberalisation and although he did not mention the word democratisation the meaning of the paragraph suggests he blames that as well. He clearly promotes autocratic state. He hides the inefficiency and the negligence of the President.   

If all are thinking of eliminating terrorism by force with an authoritative regime without addressing root causes, God bless Sri Lanka.
(Published in Daily FT 23rd May 2019)

අළුත් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව අද නොවේ හෙට


ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා සම්පාදන ක්‍රියාවලිය ඇණහිට තිබේ. මෙම ඇණහිටීම ඇතිවූයේ කලකට පෙරය. එයට හේතුව මෙරට දේශපාලනඥයන් විසින් සිය පක්ෂ දේශපාලන අවශ්‍යතාවයන් ජාතික අවශ්‍යතාවයන්ට වඩා ඉහළින් තැබීමයි. ජනාධිපතිවරයා පත්වුන අවස්ථාවේදී ඔහු එක් ධුර කාලයක් පමණක් නිල කටයුතු කරණ බව ඔහු විසින්ම ප්‍රකාශ කරණ ලදී. සැමගේ බලාපොරොත්තුව වූයේ ඔහු නිර්පාක්ෂික ජනාධිපතිවරයකු ලෙස කටයුතු කරනු ඇති බවය. ඔහු විසින් ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයේ නායකත්වය භාර ගැනීමෙන් පසු මේ තත්ත්වය අනුක්‍රමයෙන් වෙනස් විය. මහා මැතිවරණයට පෙර 19 වන ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනය සම්මත වූයේ යම් කඩතොළු සහිතවය. ඒ අවස්ථාවේදී සංශෝධනය සම්මත කර ගැනීමට ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ නොමඳ සහයෝගය ලැබුණි. ඔහුගේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ නායකත්වයද ඒ සඳහා උපකාරී විය.  
මැතිවරණයේදී සහ මැතිවරණයෙන් පසුව ඇතිවූ තත්ත්වය තුළ ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ නායකත්වය ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවේ පැවැත්මට එරෙහිවන ස්වභාවයක් ඇතිවිය. ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය ඔහු සලකන ලද්දේ ද්‍රෝහියකු ලෙසිනි. එම පක්ෂයේ අති බහුතරය ජනාධිපතිවරණයේදී ඔහුට එරෙහිව ක්‍රියා කළහ. මහා මැතිවරණයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ මැතිවරණ ව්‍යාපාරයට නායකත්වය දෙනු ලැබූයේ මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ විසිනි. ජනාධිපතිවරයා  විසින් මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂට නාම යෝජනා දෙනු ලැබුවේ එසේ නොකර සිටිය නොහැකි වූ නිසාය. ඔහුගේ එම ක්‍රියාව ඔහුට ජනාධිපතිවරණයේදී ඡන්දය දුන් ජනතාවගේ විරෝධයට හේතුවිය. මැතිවරණයෙන් පසුව ඇතිකළ ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවට එකතුවූයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂයෙන් කොටසකි. පසුව ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවට එකතුවූ පිරිසෙන් කොටසක්ද ඉවත් වූහ. ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවට එකතුනොවූ කොටස ජනාධිපතිවරයා විරුද්ධ වාදියකු ලෙස සැලකූහ. එබැවින් ජාතික ආණ්ඩුව මුල සිටම ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවක් ලෙස විකාශනය වූයේ නැත. ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවේ සිටි ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පාක්ෂික කොටස් සැම විටම කටයුතු කලේ විරුද්ධ පක්ෂයේ සිටි සිය සගයන්ගේ අවශ්‍යතාවයන්ටද අවධානය යොමු කරමිනි. මෙම පසුබිම පැවති ජාතික ආණ්ඩුව සභාග ආණ්ඩුවක තත්ත්වයට පිරිහීමට හේතුවිය. මෙම තත්ත්වයට මූලික හේතුව වූයේ ජනාධිපතිවරයාගේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ නායකත්වයයි.
ජනාධිපතිවරණයෙන් පසුව ඉක්මන් මහා මැතිවරණයකට නොයාමට එක් හේතුවක් වූයේ එහි සිටි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්ගේ විශ්‍රාම වැටුප් පිලිබඳ ප්‍රශ්නයයි. යම් හෙයකින් ජනාධිපතිවරයා මධ්‍යස්තව සිට ඉක්මන් මැතිවරණයකින් පසු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ නායකයා ලෙස මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවට එකතු වූයේ නම් ඇතිවනු ඇත්තේ සැබෑ ජාතික ආණ්ඩුවකි. සභාග ආණ්ඩුවක් නොවේ. සැලසුම් කළ පරිදි එම ආණ්ඩුවේ අරමුණු විය යුතුව තිබුනේ නව ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් ඇති කිරීම, ඒ හරහා ජාතික ප්‍රශ්නයට ස්ථිර විසඳුමක් සෙවීම සහ රටට කල් පවත්නා ජාතික ප්‍රතිපත්ති සැකසීමයි. එයින් පසුව ජාතික ආණ්ඩුව විසිරවිය යුතුව තිබිණි.
මේ යටතේ මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂට එරෙහි නඩු වලට දැන් තිබෙන තත්ත්වයට වඩා වෙනස් තත්ත්වයක් ඇතිවිය හැකිව නොතිබුණි.
පැවති තත්ත්වය යටතේ ද මහජන අදහස් විමසීමේ කමිටුවක් පත්කර, එහි වාර්තාව පාර්ලිමේන්තුවට ඉදිරිපත් කර ඉන් පසුව පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා මණ්ඩලයක් ලෙස රැස්ව මෙහෙයුම් කමිටුවක් පත්කර, එහි අනු කමිටු හයක් පත්කර, එම අනු කමිටු වල කටයුතු කිරීමට පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ පක්ෂ විපක්ෂ සියළුම දේශපාලනඥයන්ගේ සහයෝගය ලැබ, එම අනු කමිටු සහ මහජන අදහස් විමසීමේ කමිටුවේද අදහස් සැලකිල්ලට ගෙන මෙහෙයුම් කමිටුව විසින් පත් කරණ ලද විද්වත් කමිටුවක් විසින් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවක ආකාරයෙන් සකසන ලද වාර්තාවක්ද එළි දැක්වීමට හැකි විය.
අගමැතිවරයාගේ අභිප්‍රාය වන්නට ඇත්තේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා ගේ දේශපාලන නායකත්වයෙන් නව ව්‍යවස්ථාව පිලිබඳ සංවාදය ජනතාව වෙත ගෙන යාමට විය හැකිය. බලාපොරොත්තුවූ ජාතික ආණ්ඩුව නොව ඇතිවූ සභාග ආණ්ඩුව තුළ ජනාධිපතිවරයාද  අගමැතිවරයා ද මෙම ක්‍රියාවලියට නායකත්වය දීමට පසුබට වූහ.  ජනාධිපතිවරයා මධ්‍යස්තව සිටියේ නම් සහ ඔහුගේ ධුර කාලය එක් වතාවකට සිමා කිරීමට ඔහු ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම කැමැත්ත දැක්වූයේ නම් එම කර්තව්‍යය ඔහු විසින් කළ හැකිව තිබුණි.
පැවතුනු දේශපාලන තත්ත්වය යටතේ එනම් ප්‍රබල දේශපාලන කණ්ඩායමක් විපක්ෂයේ සිටි තත්ත්වය යටතේ මෙරට සංඝ සමාජයේ ඉහළ තලයේ පසුගාමී සහ බෞද්ධ විරෝධී කොටස් (මෙම ප්‍රකාශය සඳහා සාධක සැපයිය හැක.) ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් අනවශ්‍ය ලෙස මත පළ කරද්දී නිශ්ශබ්දව සිටීමට ජනාධිපතිවරයාද අගමැතිවරයාද කටයුතු කළහ.
මෙම වාතාවරණය තුළ නව ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් ඇතිකර ගැනීමට හෝ මෙරට ජාතික ප්‍රශ්නයට විසඳුමක් දීමට හෝ හැකියාවක් නොමැත. ජනවාර්ගික යුද්ධයේ අවසානයේදී ප්‍රභාකරන් සහ ඔහුගේ සගයන් මරුමුවට පත්වනවිට යුද්ධය අවසන් වීමේ සැනසුමත් සමඟම ලංකාවේ බල තුලනය දෙමළ ජනතාවට අවාසි සහගත ලෙස වෙනස් විය. යුද්ධය කාලයේදී  පෙඩරල් රාජ්‍යයක් ඇති කිරීමටද යුද්ධයෙන් පසුව 13+ විසඳුමක් දීමටද ශ්‍රී ලංකික නායකයෝ දෙමළ ජනතාවට පොරොන්දු වූහ. කෙසේ වෙතත් තුවක්කු කඳේ බලය අහිමි වූ පසු ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍ර වාදයේ බලයද දෙමළ ජනතාවට අහිමි විය. එසේ වන්නේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය බහුතරයේ ඒකාධිපතිත්වය මත පදනම් වන හෙයිනි.
මෙම තත්ත්වය යටතේ සිවිල් සමාජයේ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වය කෙබඳු විය යුතුද? බෙදී ගිය ජන වර්ග සම්බන්ධව  ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පසුගාමී සීමිත ජන කොටසක් මත රඳා පවතින අවස්ථාවාදී දේශපාලනඥයන් සිටින රටකි. ලොව බොහෝ රටවල් මෙබඳුය. එවැනි සමහර රටවල ප්‍රබල නායකයෝ පසුගාමී ජනතා මත වලට විවෘතවම අභියෝග කළහ. මහත්මා ගාන්ධි සහ නෙල්සන් මැන්ඩෙලා උදාහරණ වේ. ලී ක්වාන් යූ වැනි සමහර නායකයෝ තමන්ගේ දේශපාලන බලය උපයෝගී කොට ගෙන කටයුතු කළහ. මෙවැනි අවස්ථාවක් යුද්ධයෙන් පසුව මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂටද 2015 න් පසුව මෛත්‍රිපාල සිරිසේනටද ලැබුණි. ඔවුන් දෙදෙනාගෙන් කෙනකු මේ අවස්ථාවෙන් ප්‍රයෝජන ගත්තේ නම් ඔහුට ඉහත සඳහන් කළ නායකයන් කෙනකුගේ තත්ත්වයට පත් වන්නට ඉඩ ප්‍රස්ථාව තිබුණි. ඔවුහු පුද්ගලික ලාභ අපේක්ෂාවෙන් ඉතිහාසයේ කුණු බක්කිය තෝරාගත්හ.
එබැවින් සිවිල් සමාජයේ කාර්ය භාරය වන්නේ පවතින තත්ත්වයට එරෙහි ප්‍රබල ජන මතයක් ගොඩ නැංවීමට කටයුතු කිරීමයි. වික්ටර් අයිවන් විසින් නොයෙක් වර සඳහන් කරන්නට යෙදුන පරිදි තනිකර නියෝජිත ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදයෙන් මිදුන ජනතා සහභාගිත්වයක් ද සහිත නව ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් සඳහා ජනතාව පෙළ ගැස්වීමට ක්‍රියා කිරීමයි. මේ සඳහා සාධාරණ ලෙස සිතන සියළු ජන කොටස් ඒකාබද්ධව කටයුතු කිරීම අත්‍යවශ්‍ය වේ. දැනට ඇති ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ජනතා සහභාගිත්වය ඇත්තේ ජන මත විචාරණයකදී පමණක් වන අතර ජනතා ක්‍රියාකාරිකම් කෙරෙන්නේ එක් එක් ජන වර්ග වෙන වෙනමය. මේ සඳහා එක් පෙරමුණක් සෑදීම අත්‍යවශ්‍ය වේ. මෙය කිරීම  සිවිල් සමාජය දේශපාලනයට බැසීමකි. මෙම තත්ත්වයෙන් ගොඩ එනු හැක්කේ පවතින තත්ත්වයට එරෙහි ප්‍රබල ජනමතයක් ගොඩ නැංවීමෙනි.එසේ නොමැතිව අවස්ථාවාදී දේශපාලනඥයන් මත පමණක් රඳා පැවතීම ප්‍රතිඵල රහිත ක්‍රියාවක් වනු ඇත.

  
(සමබිම 2019  මාර්තු අප්‍රේල්}

බෞද්ධයන්ගෙන් බුදු දහම බේරා ගැනීම

වෙසක් උත්සවයද රාමසාන් උත්සවයද එකම කාලයක යෙදී තිබේ. උදෑසන මේ ලිපිය ලියන විට නිවස අසළ ඇති පාසලේ, මම වෛර නැත්තෙක් වෙම්වා, සියලු සත්ත්වයෝ සුවපත් වෙත්වා යනාදී වශයෙන් මෛත්‍රී භාවනාව ශබ්ද විකාශන යන්ත්‍රයක් මගින් ප්‍රචාරය කරනු ඇසේ. අපගේ වචන සහ භාවිතාව අතර ඇති වෙනස මැනවින් පැහැදිලි වන්නේ ජනමාධ්‍ය විසින් විකිණීම සඳහා සකස් කරන ලද සත්‍යයෙන් තරමක් ඈත්වූ ප්‍රවෘත්ති බලන විට සහ කියවන විටය.

මුස්ලිම් ප්‍රජාවට අයත් යම් අයෙක් වරදක් කර ඇත්නම් ඒවාට දඬුවම් කිරීමට රටේ නීති තිබේ. මූලික නීති ප්‍රමාණවත් නැත්නම් තවමත් අහෝසි නොකළ මර්දනකාරී ත්‍රස්තවාදය වැළැක්වීමේ පනතද තිබේ. ආරක්ෂක හමුදා සහ පොලිසිය පරීක්ෂණ මෙහෙයුම්  සාර්ථකව කරගෙන යමින් සිටිති.

මේ අවස්ථාවේදී රටේ ජනතාව මුස්ලිම් ප්‍රජාවේ සියලුම අය වෙත ප්‍රචණ්ඩත්වය මුදා හැරීමට කටයුතු කිරීම කැකිල්ලේ තීන්දුවකි. එමෙන්ම එය බෞද්ධ, කිතුනු, හින්දු සහ මුස්ලිම් ආගමික සාරධර්ම උල්ලංඝනය කිරීමකි. මෙම කැකිල්ලේ තීන්දුව හෙවත් සාමූහික දිවි නසාගැනීමේ මාර්ගය යම් ආගමක් හෝ ජන වර්ගයක් හෝ වෙනුවෙන් කරන්නේ නම් එහි අර්ථය ඔවුන් සාමූහික මනෝ ව්‍යාධියකින් පෙලෙන බවයි.

මෙම ක්‍රියාවට සහයෝගය දක්වන්නන්ගෙන් බහුතරය ඉහළ සාක්ෂරතාවයක් සහිත උගත් පිරිසකි. මේ උගතුන් තමුන්ගේ ජාගර විඥානයෙන් එන විවිධ ඇලීම් සහ ගැටීම් වැඩි දියුණු කිරීමට තමන්ගේ තර්ක ඥානය යොදවන පිරිසකි. මෙතරම් උගත් නොවන දැනුමෙන් සහ තර්ක ඥානයෙන් පොහොසත් නොවන සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව වෙතින් මෙවැනි අවස්ථාවකදී විය හැකි හානිය ඔවුන්ගේ ජාගර විඥානයෙන් එන ඇලීම් සහ ගැටීම්වලට සීමාවේ. ඔවුන්ට මානව භක්තියක් තිබේ නම් මෙම ඇලීම් සහ ගැටීම් සමනය කර ගැනීමට ඔවුන්ට හැකියාව තිබේ. මෙරට උගතුන් තමන්ගේ මානව භක්තිය තර්ක ඥානයෙන් විනාශ කරගත් පිරිසකි.

මෙවැනි ප්‍රශ්නවලට බුදු දහමේ ප්‍රවේශය කෙබඳුද? බුදු දහම පුද්ගල දහමකි. මාක්ස්වාදය වැනි සමාජ දහමක් නොවේ. බුදු දහම නිර්දේශ කරන්නේ තමන් පිළිබඳව ආර්ය පර්යේෂණයක් කරන ලෙසය. වෙනත් ක්‍රමවලින් එන දැනුම් කිසිවක් එකහෙළා නොපිළිගන්නා ලෙසත් තමන් විසින් අත්දකින ආර්ය පර්යේෂණයේ ප්‍රතිඵලය පමණක් පිළිගන්නා ලෙසත් බුදු දහම කියා සිටී. අප එදිනෙදා  කරමින් සිටින්නේ කුමක්ද? ඉන්ද්‍රියයන් මගින් විවිධ අරමුණු ගෙන ඒවාට විවිධ අර්ථකථන දී ඒ අනුව ක්‍රියාත්මක වීමයි. මෙම සමස්ත ක්‍රියාවලිය සාවධාන ලෙස සමීපව නිරීක්ෂණය කරන ලෙස බුදු දහම අපට යෝජනා කරයි. මෙම සමීප නිරීක්ෂණය මගින් මෙම යන්ත්‍රය ක්‍රියාකරන ආකාරය පිළිබඳ වැටහීමක් ඇති කර ගැනීමට අපට අවකාශ ලැබේ. සරල උදාහරණයක් කිවහොත් අප පිටතට යවන හුස්ම ඇතුළට ගන්නා හුස්මට වඩා උෂ්ණත්වයෙන් වැඩි විය යුතු බව අපි දනිමු. මක්නිසාද යත් අපගේ ශරීර උෂ්ණත්වය පිටත උෂ්ණත්වයට වඩා වැඩි බැවිනි. මෙම දැනීම අපට ලැබෙන්නේ තර්ක ඥානය මඟිනි. යම් හෙයකින් මෙම ක්‍රියාවලිය පිළිබඳ සම්පුර්ණ අවධානය යොමු කොට සීතල සහ උණුසුම දැනීම මගින් මෙම වෙනස හඳුනාගත් විට එම දැනීම සම්පුර්ණ දැනීමකි. එහි තර්ක ඥානයක් නොමැත.

මෙම යන්ත්‍රය ක්‍රියාකරන්නේ හේතු සහ ඵල අතර සම්බන්ධය නිසා බවත් ඒ තුළ යම් නිත්‍ය ඒකකයක් නොමැති බවත් සමීප නිරීක්ෂණයකදී වැටහෙන බව බුදු දහම කියා සිටී. බුදු දහමේ ආරක්ෂකයන් වන භික්ෂුන්ගේ ප්‍රධාන කර්තව්‍යය විය යුත්තේ ජනතාව මෙම සමීප නිරීක්ෂණය වෙත පෙළඹවීමයි. ඇත්ත වශයෙන්ම මෙම සමීප නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රියාවලිය සැමට පොදුවූ දහමකි. බුදු දහමට සීමා කළ හැක්කක් නොවේ. බුදු දහමට සීමා කළ හැක්කේ ඒ තුළ අන්තර්ගතව ඇති වන්දනා මාන විදිය.

බුදු දහම යෝජනා කරන මාර්ගයේ මමත්වය තුනී කරමින් ගමන් කරන පුද්ගලයා තුළ වර්ගවාදී හෝ ආගම්වාදී හෝ හැඟීම් ඇතිවිය නොහැක. අවසානයේදී තමන්ට උපකාරී වන ප්‍රඥාවද ශ්‍රද්ධාවද විර්යයද සමාධියද අවසානයේ සතියද හළ යුතු ඔහු/ඇය ආරම්භයේදීම බුදු දහමට හෝ සිංහලකමට ඇති ඇල්ම මගින් ඇතිවන අගතිගාමිත්වයද හළ යුතුය.

මේ වෙසක් සමයේ භික්ෂුන් ද බෞද්ධයන්ද කටයුතු කළ යුත්තේ අන්තවාදී හැඟීම් අවුළුවන සුළු ක්‍රියාවන්වල සහ ප්‍රකාශනවල යෙදීම නොවේ. ඒවා නිවන සුළු ක්‍රියාවන් සහ ප්‍රකාශනවල යෙදීමයි. ■

හර්ෂ ගුණසේන විසින් 517 වන සමබිම ඉරිදා අතිරේකයට ලියන ලද ලිපියකි.

හේතුව අවසන් නොකිරීමේ ඵලය

නැවතත් ත්‍රස්තවාදය මෙරටට පැමිණ තිබේ. 

අපගේ මවුබිම නිදහසින් පසුව කැරලි තුනකට මුහුණ දී ඇති අතර විවිධ ජන වර්ග සහ ආගම් අතර බොහෝ ්ආරවුල් ඇතිවුණි. මෙම කැරලිවලට සහ ආරවුල්වලට පාදක වූ හේතු සෙවීමේ ගවේෂණයක ජාතියක් වශයෙන් අප නිරත වී නැත. අප කර ඇත්තේ එම හේතුවලින් ඇතිවූ ඵල යම් ජයග්‍රහණ සහ යම් පරාජයන් සහිතව පාලනය කිරීමයි. කෙටි කාලීනව ඵල පාලනය කළ හැක. එනමුත් දීර්ඝ කාලීනව හේතු මුලිනුපුටා දැමීම අවශ්‍ය වේ. 

අවිශ්වාසය සහ අසමගිය ඇතිවීමට පාදක වූ මෙම හේතු සමහර විට වළක්වා ගත හැකි ඒවා විය හැකි අතර සමහර විට බරපතළ සාකච්ඡාවකින් විසඳා ගත යුතු ඒවා විය හැක. ජනවර්ග අතර සිදුවිය යුතු මෙම සාකච්ඡාව සහ ගවේෂණය අප නොකරන තාක් කල් රටේ දේශපාලන සහ සමාජ තත්ත්වය අවිනිශ්චිතව පවතිනු ඇත. මෙම අවිනිශ්චිතතාවය නැති කර ගැනීම එක් රටක් සහ එක් ජාතියක් වශයෙන් ඉදිරියට යාමට දමන අඩිතාලමක් වෙයි.

ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ කැරලිවලට සමාජ අසමානතාවය ප්‍රධාන හේතුවක් විය. ආර්. ප්‍රේමදාස ජනාධිපති වශයෙන් ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ දෙවන කැරැල්ලෙන් පසුව එයට හේතු සෙවීම සඳහා පත් කළ කොමිසමේ එක් නිර්දේශයක් වූයේ රාජ්‍ය සේවයට බඳවා ගැනීම්වලදී සුදුස්සාට සුදුසු තැන ලබා දෙන ලෙසයි. ජනාධිපතිවරයා ඒ අනුව පියවර ගත් අතර දේශපාලනඥයන් ගේ නිර්දේශ මත පත්වීම් සිදු කළ ක්‍රමය අත් හිටුවා නැවත මධ්‍ය ලිපිකාර පරීක්ෂණය ස්ථාපිත කළේය. දැන් අපි නැවතත් පසුපසට ගොස් සිටිමු.

වාර්ගික කැරැල්ල 2009 දී අවසන් වීමට පෙර මෙරට නායකයන් පෙඩරල් විසඳුමක් පිළිබඳව සාකච්ඡා කරමින් සිටි අතර යුද්ධය අවසන් වීමෙන් පසුව 13+ විසඳුමක් පිළිබඳව පොරොන්දු දුන්හ. එයින් අදහස් කළේ 13 වන ව්‍යවස්ථා සංශෝධනයට එහා ගිය දෙවන මන්ත්‍රණ සභාවක් වැනි විසඳුමකි. ඉන් පසුව ඇතිවූ උගත් පාඩම් පිළිබඳ කොමිසමේ නිර්දේශ ක්‍රියාත්මක කර ඇත්තේ ඉතාමත්ම අල්ප වශයෙනි.

ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ සන්නද්ධ කැරැල්ල 1989 දී පරාජයට පත්වන විට රටේ දේශපාලන බල තුලනය අත්තනෝමතික රාජ්‍යයට වාසි වන ලෙස වෙනස් විය. එමෙන්ම 2009 දී දෙමළ සන්නද්ධ අරගලය පරාජයට පත්වන විට රටේ දේශපාලන බල තුලනය දෙමළ ජනතාවට අවාසි වන ලෙස වෙනස් විය. අවස්ථා දෙකේ දීම බල තුලනය වෙනස් වූයේ පීඩිතයන්ට අවාසි වන ආකාරයටය. රටේ කටයුතු සිදු වන්නේ යුක්තිය සහ සාධාරණත්වය අනුව නොවේ. රටේ බලවත් පිරිස් භුක්ති විඳින දේශපාලන බලය අනුවයි. 

අපේ රට ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී රටක් ලෙස අපි උදම් අනමු. පසුගිය ආණ්ඩු කාලයේ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය යටපත්වී අධිකාරීවාදය ඉස්මතුවිය. එම අධිකාරීවාදයද ඉතාමත් මධ්‍යගත එක් පවුලක අධිකාරිවාදයක් විය. පවතින ආණ්ඩුව යටතේ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී අයිතීන් අපි නැවතත් භුක්ති විඳිමු. මෙරට අද තිබෙන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය තුළද ඇත්තේ බහුතරයේ අධිකාරිත්වයයි. නියම ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය තුළ බහුතරයේ මතය ක්‍රියාත්මක වන්නේ සුළුතරයේ අයිතිවාසිකම් ද රැකෙන ආකාරයටයි. මෙම තත්ත්වය අද ක්‍රියාත්මකවන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය තුළද මෙයට පෙර යම් කාල වකවානුවලදී මෙරට ක්‍රියාත්මකවූ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය තුළද දක්නට නොවීය. අපි දැන් පවතින සීමිත ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය ද අතහැර නැවත අධිකාරිවාදයකට යාමට සුදානමින් සිටිමු.

මෙම අපේක්ෂිත තත්ත්වය තුළ අධිකාරිවාදී රාජ්‍යය විසින් අනවශ්‍ය ඵල විනාශ කර දමනු ඇත. හේතු එලෙසම පවතිනු ඇත. මක්නිසාද යත් හේතු විනාශ කිරීමට නම් අධිකාරිත්වය හළ යුතු බැවිනි. සංහිඳියාවත් සහජීවනයත් අධිකාරිත්වයත් එකට ගමන් නොකරයි. ඒවා පරස්පරය. සංහිඳියාවත් සහජීවනයත් ඇති තැන ත්‍රස්තවාදයකට ඇතිවීමට හෝ වැඩිවීමට හෝ ඉඩක් නොමැත. අපි ඒ ඉඩ මෑත අතීතය තුළද අවාසනාවකට මෙන් සකස් කරමින් සිටියෙමු. අනාගතයේදී මහා පරිමාණයෙන් ඒ ඉඩ සකස් කිරීමට බලාපොරොත්තු වෙමු. ■

හර්ෂ ගුණසේන විසින් 515 වන සමබිම ඉරිදා අතිරේකයට ලියන ලද ලිපියකි.

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Degradation The Concept Of National Government To Coalition Government In 2015 & It’s Repercussions

https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/degradation-the-concept-of-national-government-to-coalition-government-in-2015-its-repercussions/

published in colombo telegraph on 18th April 2019

Degradation The Concept Of National Government To Coalition Government In 2015 & It’s Repercussions

By Harsha Gunasena –
Harsha Gunasena
Concept of national government was mentioned in the election manifesto of Maithripala Sirisena in 2015 presidential election. “For that purpose a National Unity Alliance Government will be established for a hundred day interim period. This programme will be implemented through a National government comprising the Sri Lanka Freedom Party, the United National Party, Jatika Hela Urumaya and people’s representatives all other political parties that are represented in the present Parliament who are willing to join this programme.” This concept as well as the concept of Liccavi system of governance was first brought in by the Prime Minister. When he was the Opposition Leader during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s second stint as the President UNP brought a concept paper for a new constitution where Liccavi system was discussed. Intention of this was to find out a lasting solution to the ethnic conflict, establish a new constitution and agree on long term policies of the government.
However, the process of constitutional reforms is stalled and no solution was given to the ethnic conflict. The reason for this was that the politicians of this country placed their own political interests ahead of the national interest. The President before and after occupying the post stated that he would bean one term president. It was the expectation of many who voted for him that he would be a non-partisan president. Situation changed gradually after he took over the leadership of the Sri Lanka freedom Party (SLFP). 
Rift between the President and the Prime Minister emerged during the 100-day period of the interim government. This affected the balance of the national government and the situation came to the zenith in October 2018. It was declared by the Prime Minister well ahead of the general election the continuity of the national government. Events that happened during the General Election and thereafter, led to the situation in which the leadership of the President to the SLFP would hinder the very purpose of the national government. SLFP considered him a traitor. A vast majority of SLFP voted against him at the presidential election. Therefore, he could not effectively lead the party. Mahinda Rajapaksa gave the leadership to the election campaign of SLFP at the general election. President had given nominations to Rajapaksa since he was compelled to do so. That act was criticized by many who voted in favor of the president at the presidential election.  Fractions of the SLFP joined the national governments established before and after the general election. Later some of them, who joined the national government defected. The fraction who did not joined the national government treated President as an opponent. Therefore, from the beginning the national government did not evolve as a national government. MPs of SLFP who were in the national government acted with giving attention to the requirements of their colleagues who were in the opposition. This background degraded the national government to the level of a coalition government since there was a strong opposition, which was a fraction of one of the constituent parties of the government. The main reason for this was the leadership of the President of the SLFP.
President tried to walk a tightrope, but he failed. In his controversial address to the nation just prior to the general election, he said even if SLFP wins he would not give the Prime Minister post to Rajapaksa and at the same speech he said if the parliament was dissolved soon after the presidential election, UNP would have a landslide victory. Hence he prevented it. 
Public mandate was by and large for UNP. After the presidential election the exodus of MPs from SLFP to UNP was prevented by the Licchavi system and the acceptance of SLFP leadership by the President. Sri Lanka had minority governments except in two instances after the elections held under the 1978 constitution. UNP accommodated SLFP ministers, some of them were rejected by the voters and appointed through the national list. As a result, voters of the UNP were confused at the electorate level since the power was not transferred yet. 
One main reason for not dissolving the parliament soon after the presidential election was that the issue of the pension rights of the MPs. This symbolizes the situation the country is in. If the President was neutral and Mahinda Rajapaksa joined the national government in the capacity of the leader of the opposition then that would have been a real national government and not a coalition government. the functions of that government would have been to establish a new constitution and thereby give a permanent solution to the ethnic problem of the country and formulate long lasting national policies for the country. Thereafter the national government would have been dissolved.
Under these circumstances the court cases against Mahinda Rajapaksa and his family members would have been in the same situation as of now. Therefore, in the national point of view, the nation has paid the price already but not achieved any result. If the price was paid to achieve the said envisaged objectives of the national government, there would have been no issue. However, the price paid  has granted petty political gains to the Prime Minister and the President. Split of the SLFP was a gain to the Prime Minister and eventually by combining it President tried to gain politically.
President would have thought of a political base for himself when accepting the leadership of the SLFP. He argued in favor of his decision that if not for him the parliament would have not been able to pass the 19th amendment to the constitution. There was a considerable influence made by him for the process. On the other hand, it was a minority government and the opposition did not want to topple the apple cart. For the opposition if not consented there was a risk of facing a general election and losing more seats. In the long run the neutrality of the President would have been the best to achieve the given objectives of the national government.
Even under the given circumstances Public Representations Committee on Constitutional Reform headed by Lal Wijenayake was established and the report was issued; the Parliament met as a constitutional assembly with the powers of Parliamentary Select Committee to draft the new constitution; Steering Committee of the Constitutional Assembly was appointed with 21 MPs; six sub committees of the Steering Committee were established with the active participation of MPs representing all the political parties of the parliament and those reports were published; based on the steering committee deliberations and reports of the sub committees, an expert panel prepared a report to the steering committee in the form of a draft constitution; and it was presented to the Constitutional Assembly by the Steering Committee.
It may have been the intention of the Prime Minister to take the debate of the constitution to the people with the political leadership of the President. The President as well as the Prime Minister were reluctant to give the political leadership to the process in the circumstances of existing coalition government instead of the expected national government. In fact, the President would have been able to give the political leadership to the process if he intended to serve one term and if he was neutral.
Under the prevailed political situation, when there was a strong political group in the opposition, highest echelons of the Sangha Community of the country expressed views that a new constitution was not necessary for the country. Truth was that election manifestos of Sri Lanka for decades were filled with the promises of abolishing the executive presidency.  Although their view was politically motivated and reactionary in essence, the President and the Prime Minister kept mum over the issue.
In this situation it is not possible either to establish a new constitution or to give a solution to the ethnic problem of this country. Ethnocentric elements in the country believe that the ethnic problem of the country was over with the ending of the war. At the end of the war when Prabhakaran and his colleagues were killed, along with the sigh of relief that the war was over the political balance of power was readjusted unfavorably to the Tamils. At the time of the war Sri Lankan leaders were prepared to give a Federal solution to the problem and after ending the war they said that a solution of 13+ can be given which meant most probably a second chamber as proposed by the new draft constitution. After losing the power of the barrel of the gun, Tamils failed to achieve their objectives through the democratic process as happened in previous instances prior to the war l since Sri Lankan democracy means dictatorship of the majority.
In relation to divided ethno-religious groups, Sri Lanka is a country which depends on a limited backward population and which is run by a set of opportunist politicians. Most of the countries in the world are like this. Some powerful leaders of some of the countries openly challenged the backward thinking in relation to ethnocentrism of their respective populations. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela were prominent examples. Some leaders such as Lee Kuan Yew took the country forward based on their political power. Out of the leaders of this country Mahinda Rajapaksa soon after ending the war and Maithripala Sirisena after coming to power in 2015 got this opportunity to rise to the level of Gandhi, Mandela or Lee but they have selected the dustbin of the history instead of immense prestige, due to greediness to personal and petty political gains.
To place the country in the path of nation building there should be a strong apolitical peoples movement comprising of fair-minded people of all ethnicities and followers of all religions, rather than depending solely on the politicians for that task.
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Latest Comments

  •  1
     1
    After passing the 19th amendment unp should have pressed for immediate general election. By giving into slfp demand for delay to get pensions unp lost out. Now slfp is blaming that unp forced dissolution becoz of bond saga. Unp would have got more seats if they went for election earlier.
    •  3
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      This degradation called National govt. was done in the name of (fake) reconciliation, and was promoted by various foreign peace and reconciliation Xperts who were pushing another agenda, a bi-partisan UNP-SLFP corruption racket in the Parliament headed by Bondscam Ranil, while the country was being asset stripped and sold off to interested parties..
      The Bondscam gave the green light for all so called Ministers to loot the country through various foreign fake aid projects, like the Aussie Cattle scam, the Merc and Ford luxury ambulances, unnecessary drugs, unnessary health insurance for school children who are a healthy low risk population , unnecessary TABs for schools, unnecessary disaster prepardeness exercises.. etc
      •  1
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        It’s just plain lunacy to try to separate the Lankan pols from the society they were spit out from. Sri Lankan leaders are not aliens that fell from the sky ………they came from our own society and is the essence of who we are ……….. From the religions, to education/schools, to government-service, to judiciary, to law-enforcement agencies, to …………… they represent what we value as morals/ethics/values.
        –
        They are us. ……….. Each and every one of us.
        –
        We write up a good “moral/ethics game” here because we are not in their positions ………… but I can guarantee you that 99.99% of Lankans who write here will behave no differently if they are in the other’s place. ………. You don’t have to look so far, just look back a couple of years how Ranil/Sirisena behaved and what they said when the Rajapkses were in power ………… and just look what the Rajapakses are saying and doing now.
        –
        When out of power they say and do the same things that we write here. ………… talk-up a good ethics-game.
        –
        And Lanka is only a microcosm of the greater-world out here ………… if you want proof just look what the good ol’ Donald did to the shining beacon/paragon of virtue America ………… would he be able to do that if the society was unwilling? He only gives what the society wants ……….. nothing more. He knows the limits of man’s capacity for corruption. He is not smart in the conventional way but many “professors” can write 1000 theses on his MO and still won’t be able to grasp it ……… because of the mistaken belief that man’s behaviour is steeped in morals/ethics. ………….. That’s why Al Capone was a million times richer than Norm Chomsky …………
      •  0
         0
        continued
        –
        But Mahinda did it first ………. before Donald. ……….. Then we have had many firsts ……….
        –
        They say man is 99% animal and 1% human ……….. and it’s the human part that gets him into trouble.
        –
        I know many of you won’t be still convince and go on hoping/writing that Lanka will change; the world will change ………..
        –
        Let me assure you …….. that Lanka will still be the same in another 100 years; 1000 years; only worse ……….. and I’m not even half as smart as you guys ……… can’t even spell let alone write.
        –
        But I see what I see. ………. and it ain’t a pretty picture ……………..
  •  3
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    a strong peoples political movement
    not in this country
  •  2
     0
    Dear Writer,
    :
    QUOTE
    Out of the leaders of this country Mahinda Rajapaksa soon after ending the war and Maithripala Sirisena after coming to power in 2015 got this opportunity to rise to the level of Gandhi, Mandela or Lee but they have selected the dustbin of the history instead of immense prestige, due to greediness to personal and petty political gains.
    UNQUOTE
    –
    Our leaders and their mindset is unique to them, no comparable to any other leaders either in Asia or Europe. : Besides, if they would have been honest to their pledges made before each of the elections, they could achieve lot more in the line of sustainable growth in Economy and several other areas. 22 millions are not that stupid as appeared to be. However, the media should also play a big role in order these peoples to be fed with FACTs about the ground realities of lanken politics. Most that are accessed to smart phones, obviously are no different to permanent slaves of former so called regime. They are made to believe the magical powers of Rajapakshes. None of them would turn out to welcome SIRISENA.
  •  4
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    Some thinking on correct lines. Is it revolutionary? Is it practical? Is time ripe for such a dramatic view?
    .
    Methinks that we are far from redemption. The masses have been brainwashed – continuously & for so long – that more of the same would be the norm, for quite a long time to come.
    .
    This might appear to be doomsday forecast. but, we are conditioned for it.
    .
    I would be sincerely grateful, if someone could come forward to prove me wrong!
  •  2
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    “At the time of the war Sri Lankan leaders were prepared to give a Federal solution to the problem ………………………………………………………….”
    We were not aware of it!
  •  0
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    National govt is another Constitutionalised FRAUD. Just countr how many different kinds of ministers are not functoning just haging around in the parliament. Sri lankan parliament is peaked in parliament. They all get elelcted from the district and is not responsible for an electorate. Then comes totheparliament and the national govt is to enrich and fulfill the corrupt finctioning of the parliament.
    Every Writer, writes just theory and they do notsupport any thing of theirs withh the statistics or facts. Why a bankruot country and a country that makes the International community, one particular country is favoured, rich, needs a large govt. It is cheating the voters and so called VIYATHUN are really dishonest or working for special interest groups needs. They hide the real problems.
  •  7
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    How can you have a national Government when the leaders and politicians are not national minded?
  •  6
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    Exactly , what national government ?? What’s the meaning of it? National for the majority people ,
    the racist , under the skirts of yellow robed mullahs??
    So long the song of this nationalism is spoken , firstly find the right meaning for it in this cursed multi national country.
    My two cents are worth until the Doomsday of Srilanka nothing will change.
    There’s no cure for this cursed illness of Nationalism.
    Take my word.
    4 years since 2015 had been a waste of national resources. The government the so called never was allowed to build bridges between people nor allowed to devolopements the nation.
    The fault was equally by the government with their own greed as well as the toppled opposition the Medamullana and its supporters always ready to SABOTAGE any talk of devolopements or Building bridges with the minority parties.
    So the people face the consequences of selfish greed of the politicians playing the tango with the Religious Mahasanghas.
    They are another lot with their own selfish agendas continue to destroy our nation and our people.
    It’s the Curse.
    •  3
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      So long Madamulana meeharaka would long for return to power, things would not change palapably in lanken politics, it is all people are totally brainwashed as is the case in NOrth korea.. Best would be to offer him come back and get him caught while being in office. People are made obsequeous to MEDAMULANA musalaya…. by their progaganda units. Even in far poor afro states, leader when becoming old, say good bye to politics since they intend to spend the rest of the life with their lovely ones. But BP Rajapakshe for some hidden reasons make every effort to come back.
      And his loyalists would also support him diehard since they truly know that they will have no other options to escape from numerous charges being levelled at them.
      :
      Rohitha Abegunawardhana- have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
      –
      Wimal Buruwansa-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
      –
      Gonthadipila -have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
      –
      Jonsten Fernando-have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
      –
      Mahinadananadha Aluthgamage have been on bail or their cases are not yet investigated.
  •  2
     2
    National govt is, if you get some lawyer to explain, a strategy to offer minister post to every three wheeler Party leader and buy MPs from other parties and to stabilize the govt. That is why even then when they have politicians from every ethnic or religious group in the party or the govt, they recruit more in order to make the 113. If you remember just before October 26th debacle or coup depenading who you talk to, the govt had about 122 miniters. That incluced some UNSURE seats. On the otherhand, Rishad Bathiuddin eventhough he says he came to Colombo just with a SIlly Silly bag full of stuff, now is a powerful politician all with Arab countries Charity money from Sehieks. So, MR, Ranil and MS are willing to address his grievences.
  •  1
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    Aappa Sira thought all SLFP MPs willl take the Yahapalana car Permits and that extra LKR 100,000 monthly Bonus from Dr Ranil to sit in Kotte and Tick off Dr Ranil’s Federal Constitution..
    –
    To the utter disappointment of Aappa Sira and his handler SLFP Whiskey Madam’ the majority of the true SLFP supporters proved that they are not Dumb Asses.
    –
    They knew Dr Ranil and his Federal thing is the end of the Sinhala Buddhist Country ,
    And they held the Blow Torch to the bellies of the crooked SLFP Mps , who in turn realized that their Asses will be Grass at the next Election.
    –
    How can Dr Ranil and Aappa Sira form a National Government by sending the UNP Special Police to hunt the Leaders of the SLFP , who gave the great majority of inhabitants Security and a better standard of living after defeating the 30 year Tamil Terrorism, which devastated the Nation.
    –
    Can Dr Ranil have a National Government by jailing the Monks who belong to that 70% , who supported the SLFP coalition to defeat Tamil Terrorism.?.
    –
    How can Dr Ranil have a National Government when the Vellala Peoples Party the TNA which is part of the UNP also become the Opposition with the Vellala Leader as the Opposition Leader?..
    –
    Does it make sense ,although one time Proletariat party Boss thought so, after taking LKR 25 Lakhs from Dr Ranil and an old armour plated Limousine from Mr Sambandan.
    Or is it in that Dr Ranil’s “Licchavi” thing?..
  •  3
     3
    PATHETIC SITUATION OF SINHALE
    ———————————————
    DURING THE PAST 71 YEARS:
    We tried UNP and failed
    We tried SLFP and failed
    We tried UNP+SLFP and failed
    We tried Democracy and failed
    We tried semi-Dictatorship and failed
    We tried capitalism and failed
    We tried socialism and failed
    We tried neo-liberalism and failed
    ———–
    One thing that we have not tried is military rule. Let us try that for a change. Sri Lankan Armed Forces is the only institution in this country that has a proven record for achieving the objective.
    •  0
       2
      Eagle Eye the dumbo wallah wants military governmently. Plainly speaking go for it Dumbo Wallah. Make yourself the most wanted Modaya of the world knowing the track record worldwide of Srilankan Military force.
      Tell me how many known war criminals are there?? Still BS….g !!
      •  2
         1
        Analyst,
        Do you know that there is a high demand for Sri Lankan Army personnel for UN missions? UN is full of white hypocrites. One arm of the UN talking about war crimes while the other arm recruit SL Army for their missions because they know very well that SL Army is efficient and disciplined.
        Sri Lankan Army does not have war criminals. It is the Indian Peace Keeping Force and LTTE that is full of war criminals. Ironically, UNHRC does not go after them.
  •  1
     1
    Whatever mentioned in the essay is 100% correct or true. Distortion is zero. But essay did not give a full stomach feeling when it was trying to explain why did the original plan derailed. “SLFPyers wanted pension. Leaders lack statesmanship. Biriyani-Arrack voting system is a pain for all MPs whether they are sincere or crook.” Beyond that all, one special thing must be mentioned. That is Ranil was dead determined to save Old King from the very start.
    New King was ready to compromise his authority at the start. But Ranil’s stern decision on saving Old King handicapped New King very soon. If Old King was exposed for crimes charges, New King would have comfortable on his seat. But the September 2015 told New king that Old King is a non-wipe-out -able enemy. Further, dishonest Ranil was maneuvering to capture EP by crook methods or even by election. 19A only protected Ranil’s seat in Parliament but not really strengthened the government by balancing the all three branches of the government. This is a game Ranil played. He knowingly left the EP power intact for him to come back and manipulate many things in his favor. Some of the UNP & SLFP heavy weights noticed it and were conscious of the biased amendment.
    Communist used this uncertainty to create safe and strong feeling in Old King’s mind to go for rebel. They are the people created Joint Comedy Club for Old King’s escape. A complex situation arose by these and then no one could put through an independent solution to resolve this all out uncertainty. The result was the Trio staged a coup against the West and CBK engineered regime change, in October 2018.
  •  2
     1
    Harsha Gunasena
    1) Concept of national government was mentioned in the election manifesto of Maithripala Sirisena in 2015 presidential election. “For that purpose a National Unity Alliance Government will be established for a hundred day interim period. This programme will be implemented through a National government. . Intention of this was to find out a lasting solution to the ethnic conflict, establish a new constitution and agree on long term policies of the government.
    *** This was not to sole the National problem but to get UN off Sri Lnkas back We the Tamils were fooled and still being fooled.
    2) However, the process of constitutional reforms is stalled and no solution was given to the ethnic conflict. The reason for this was that the politicians of this country placed their own political interests ahead of the national interest.
    *** The politicians dont have the Guts to address the Throny issue of Devolution and only Devolution will soleve the problem. Sinhala Lanka has to first accet that the Island is inhabited by two differnt people Unied we FALL Divided we STAND. We cannot live together. If you can solve the Ethnic issue which has dogged the country for thousands of years you solve Sri Lankas problems.
    The Race Card for the Sinhalese Politicians is an Election winning Manthra
  •  3
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    RW is distributing funds and perks as if they are his personal money in order to remain in power. He has no idea of how to develop the country. Vote for a new people’s constitution as stated by Nagananda Kodituwakku that will empower the masses and not the politicians who are only interested in feathering their nests.
  •  2
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    “Intention of this was to find out a lasting solution to the ethnic conflict, establish a new constitution and agree on long term policies of the government.”
    In Srilankan politics, the talk of lasting solution to the ethnic conflict is always a fake propaganda intention to cheat Tamil politicians by Sinhala leadership and their true intention is common for both UNP and SLFP leadership throughout the period of 1948 and now. It will continue as long as Buddhist Fundamentalism is the deciding factor in the so called democracy or dictatorship. In otherwords, Srilanka will never be in peace ever under Buddhist Sinhala Fundamentalism.
    •  2
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      ‘the talk of lasting solution to the ethnic conflict is always a fake propaganda intention to cheat Tamil politicians by Sinhala leadership’
      So how many times are these brainy Tamil leaders going to fall for the same trick? Isn’t it true that they are not in fact falling for it? What they are doing is going along with it, because they too are complicit in this mess. However it suits the LTTE diaspora to blame everything on SWRD and Sinhala Buddhist Fundamentalism.
      As if life and politics are that simple.
  •  1
     0
    Thank you for your comments.
    Kali
    In this country ethnic problem was not there for 1000 years. I believe it was created during the British period. I invite you to read the following essay if you have time. Birth of ethnocentrism was in the latter part of the 19th century.
    http://www.ft.lk/columns/The-clash-of–civilisations/4-642204
    Analyst asked the meaning of the word national. National means Sri Lankan, inclusive of all the communities. There is no proper Sinhala word for nationalism. may be ජාතික වාදය. But this is not a word which is used much. May be in Tamil also it would be the same. ජාතිවාදය means ethnocentrism.
    Communities in the villages live in harmony, they do not have this feeling. It is a politically motivated concept in all sides.
    Yes, there are by products of a national government as JD mentioned but the real purpose of it, is to have a combined leadership to address the ethnic issue and the issue of a constitution since if it is addressed by a single party, other parties would mess it up.
    Eagle Eye said we were left to try military rule. If we try, that would be the end, for the reason that they will not go. Mahinda also tried to do that but to his credit he abandoned the idea. After all he is a civilian leader. However we are facing the dilemma of democracy today.
    Reconciliation expected by the national government would not have been fake if materialized contrary to what Shamil has said. We can debate about the policies and actions of the governments.
    We have to look at the problem/s in national/Sri Lankan perspective, not of the perspectives of different political parties, different ethnicities or different religious groups.
    •  2
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      Harsha
      Just to jog your memory please read the following
      Ellalan (Tamil: எல்லாளன், translit. Ellāḷaṉ; Sinhala: එළාර, translit. Eḷāra) was a member of the Tamil Chola dynasty, also known as “Manu Needhi Cholan”, who upon capturing the throne became king of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, in present-day Sri Lanka, from 205 BCE to 161 BCE.[2][3][4]
      Ellalan is traditionally presented as being a just king even by the Sinhalese.[5] The Mahavamsa states that he ruled ‘with even justice toward friend and foe, on occasions of disputes at law,[6] and elaborates how he even ordered the execution of his son on the basis of a heinous religious crime.
      Ellalan is a peculiar figure in the history of Sri Lanka and one with particular
      *** resonance given the past ethnic strife in the country.
      Although he was an invader, he is often regarded as one of Sri Lanka’s wisest and most just monarchs, as highlighted in the ancient Sinhalese Pali chronicle, the Mahavamsa.
      According to the chronicle, even Ellalan’s nemesis Dutugamunu had a great respect for him, and ordered a monument be built where Ellalan was cremated after dying in battle.
      *** You are right Ethnic Strife intensified after the British left none during their rule.
      Hope it heps
  •  0
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    In Sri Lanka the “National Government” is the “Sweet Scented” coating offered to the dumb voter of an “Inner Ingredient” termed “Coalition” that ” COLONIZES ” all the Looters and Criminals of all types who have a common goal to make their lives prosperous.
  •  1
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    “To place the country in the path of nation building there should be a strong apolitical peoples movement comprising of fair-minded people of all ethnicities and followers of all religions, rather than depending solely on the politicians for that task.”
    The first step towards this was Prof D.Kumar`s trial – common candidate – which directed SL towards a correct change, despite the very politician showing his real-colours thereafter. Now here is a chance for the Sinhala Buddhist Intelligentsia to
    follow up the above quote – if they wish to see a future comparatively liveable
    Sri Lanka!
  •  1
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    Thanks Kali for the information.
    There were comments about national government. The point I have raised in the article was that if the country had a national government with one fraction headed be MR it would have been fine and the country would have got the answers to many problems. In the run the country would have given various ‘concessions’ to politicians. That is also fine because there is nothing called free lunch.
    Politicians are corrupt but you cannot attack all the issues at the same time. Corruption should be handled after we resolve main national issues I believe.
    We all should know that public servants are more corrupt than the politicians. I am not trying to whitewash any body
    •  1
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      Harsha
      I dont want to be too harsh on you but let me give you my take. You will have ethnic strife when a a racist majority imposes its will on the minority with impunity. I have already stated the Sri Lanka had two kingdoms and divided as two seperate entities. and it was the fault of the British leaving Sri Lanka without recognising that fact which led to the Tamil minority being brutaised. Dont forget three race riots and I lost three members of my family and I can never reconcile.. Manhintha can never be part of a National Government with blood on his hand. He along with others should be punished before we can have reconciliation.. I am sorry that I might sound uncompromising but that is how I feel . If the Sinhala politicians werent so narrow minded they could have treated us equally under a Federal Structure and avoided the bloodshed and not lose the sovereignty to India as it is happening.
  •  0
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    Kali You lost your family members and your mind is wounded.I apologize on behalf of the majority community.
    Sri Lanka is divided deeply in the lines of ethnicity religion and caste. When I say, Rajapakse should have been taken to the national government his political opponents would have objected for it. Their line of injection is political. Your line of objection is ethnicity and the way he handles the last stages of war.
    Thete are several persons mentally wounded in this country and unfortunately there is no healing process. Hardly any one is having inclusive approach to the problem.
    I can give you there examples in relation to yesterday’s tragic incidents.
    Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith came on TV. He mentioned about two RC churches only. No mention about the evangelist Zion church in battialoa. No mention about the hotels. Attack was aimed st the chrtistians not on RCs. Restaurants of the hotels were attacked becsuse of the Easter feasts.
    Second example is MR. In his statement he said that this happened due to intimidation of intelligence personnel in the recent past. That was due to illegal killings initiated by them and he tried to take a political mileage.
    PM in his statement said that activity of this kind was known prior to the incident but he and his cabinet were not known it. Probably be was trying to put the blame on the president. AlJazeera picked it up and repetedly announced in their telecasts. They said “government” was aware.
    Injustice was done to you and I’m order to rectify it we should have an inclusive approach to the problem.